Forty-one per cent of cultivated area is flood prone and another forty per cent is drought prone. The state has several rivers such as Ganga, Sone, Gandak, Ghaghra, Bagmati, Kosi, Budhi Gandak, Punpun, etc. It is divided into two natural regions viz., North Bihar Plain and South Bihar Plain. It is bounded by Nepal in the North and by Jharkhand in the south. It lies mid-way between West Bengal in the east and Uttar Pradesh in the west. The State of Bihar was reorganized on Novemwith 38 districts of undivided Bihar. The state as it is today has been shaped from its partition from the province of Bengal and most recently after the separation of the tribal southern region now called Jharkhand. Patna is situated on the bank of the holy river Ganga. The tenth Guru of Sikhism, Guru Govind Singh was born in Patna, the Capitalof Bihar. It is a Place of the founders of two great religionsofthe world, Gautam Buddha and Mahavir. Nalanda and Vikramshila Universities werethe world class learning centres.

Such fertile is the soil that has given birth to innumerous intellectuals which spread thelight of knowledge and wisdom not onlyinthe country but in the whole world.

It is the same land where the seeds of the first republic were sown and which cultivated the first crop of democracy. Bihar has witnessed golden period of Indian history. The Bihar plain is divided into two unequal halves by the river Ganga which flows through the middle from west to east. It is bounded by Nepal in the north and by Jharkhand in the south. Bihar lies mid-way between the humid West Bengal in the east and the sub humid Uttar Pradesh in the west which provides it with a transitional position in respect of climate, economy and culture. It is an entirely land–locked state, although the outlet to the sea through the port of Kolkata is not far away. 1 Pash ch im Champaran Purba Ch amparan Sheohar Sitamarhi Madhubani Supaul Araria Kishanganj Purnia Katihar Madhepura Saharsa Darbhanga Muzaffarpur Gopalganj Siwan Saran Vaishali Samastip ur Begusarai Kh ag aria Bhagalpur Ban ka Mung er Lakhisarai Sheikhpura Nalanda Patn a Bhojpur Buxar Kaimur (Bhabua) Rohtas Jehanabad Aurang abad Gaya Nawada Jamui STATE PROFILE About Bihar Bihar is located in the eastern part of the country.

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